Building a custom mechanical keyboard is not only an engaging task, but it also provides you with the ability to create a unique piece of technology that fits your personal taste and typing style. When you create your keyboard, you can select various factors such as the size, layout, switch choice, keycap design, and much more. In this guide, we will walk you through the entire process of making your first DIY custom mechanical keyboard.
## Understanding and Choosing the Size/Layout of your Keyboard
To understand the size and layout, it’s essential to acquaint yourself with the conventional keyboard sizes. In general, keyboards are broken down into four primary categories: Full Size, Tenkeyless (TKL), 60%, and 40%. The Full Size has 104 keys, including the number pad; the TKL lacks the number pad; the 60% lacks the number pad and function keys, while the 40% contains only the alphanumeric keys. The choice depends on your preference and use.
## Selecting the Perfect Switches
The heart of a mechanical keyboard lies in its switches. These miniature mechanisms respond to your press by sending a signal to the computer. Mechanical keyboards use various kinds of switches, each providing a unique feel and auditory response. Switches are usually categorized into linear, tactile, and clicky types. Linear switches are smooth and comfortable, while tactile switches offer a bump feeling when actuated. Conversely, clicky switches provide both a tactile bump and an audible click on actuation. Brands like Cherry MX, Gateron, Kailh, and Zealios offer a vast array of switch types.
## Choosing a Case
Cases not only provide the keyboard with physical protection but also contribute to its aesthetics. They can be made of materials such as plastic, aluminum, wood, or acrylic. Plastic cases are affordable and light, but lack the premium feel that aluminum cases provide. Wood and acrylic cases are excellent options for people wanting a unique aesthetic. Additionally, you’ll also need to consider a case’s “angle,” as it affects your ergonomics and overall typing experience.
## Opt for Mounting Plate
The mounting plate is where you’ll build your keyboard. It holds the switches in place, contributing to the overall feel of the keyboard. Plates can be made out of various materials, which influence the typing sound and feel. These materials include steel, aluminum, brass, polycarbonate, and carbon fiber. You’ll generally choose between plate mount (where switches clip into the plate), or PCB mount switches (where switches push into holes on the PCB).
## Sourcing a PCB
The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is the electronic chip that translates your keystrokes into signals that your computer understands. Most custom keyboard kits come with a PCB, but in case yours does not, you’ll have to buy one separately. PCBs are often selected based on layout compatibility, feature set (like RGB lighting or hot-swap capabilities), and firmware compatibility.
## Picking Keycaps
Keycaps are the plastic pieces where your fingers hit the keys. Available in a wide range of colors, materials, and designs, keycaps provide a significant aspect of a keyboard’s visual appeal. Two common plastics used for keycaps are ABS and PBT. Consider if you want a shine through, double shot, dye sublimated, or blank keycaps. Keycap profiles such as OEM, Cherry, SA, DSA, and XDA are also worth considering as they affect the typing feel.
## Assembling the Keyboard
Now that you’ve selected all parts, it’s time for the assembly. Typically, the first step is to insert the stabilizers into the PCB, followed by placing the PCB into the case. Next, insert the switches into the mounting plate and solder them onto the PCB. If your PCB is hot-swappable, you avoid the soldering process.
Once the switches are installed, test every switch to ensure each one responds as expected. After successful testing, you can put on the keycaps.
## Customizing with Software
Most custom keyboards use open-source firmware like QMK or VIA. These software suites allow you to fully customize your keyboard’s function layers and lighting effects. Even if you’re not a programmer, these tools offer intuitive interfaces for customizing your keyboard.
## Maintenance
Keep your keyboard clean by regularly removing the keycaps and cleaning the board. Dust can interfere with key action and even cause keys to stick. Also, knowing how to desolder can be useful if a switch fails.
In conclusion, building a custom mechanical keyboard is a satisfying journey. Although there may be a steep learning curve, it assures a rewarding outcome: a perfect typing partner that not only aids productivity but also reflects your personal style and preference. Researching and selecting parts is the initial and integral step, while maintaining your custom keyboard ensures its longevity. With the tips discussed, you are on your way to build your custom mechanical keyboard. Happy typing!
